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One of the challenges in the field of speech technologies is to determine who corresponds to the given speech signal. Systems which solve this problem fall into two classes - verification and identification technologies. Verification - voice-based access control algorithm performing user authentication by voice password, and identification - determining user’s identity from the specified, limited list of people. Nowadays, voice identification and verification systems are in demand around the world.
Person’s voice has individual characteristics, it is unique. Therefore, recent development companies of biometric systems define identity of the speaker by voice. Increasingly, there are systems in which voice performs protection function. Access rights to network, facilities, banking systems, cloakrooms, personal information, etc. are verified via voice. In practice, it turned out that password protection was not reliable. Text passwords and keys are inferior to voice-based identification and verification systems. The very voice is the universal key that can not be faked, broken or stolen.
Identity verification of user by voice presupposes compatibility of a predetermined speech sample with a newly given one. User pre-sets any phrase as a password, and then he utters his password. The system checks whether the uttered voice conforms to a pre-established standard. If a match is confirmed, then access to the system opens. Thus, the voice verification provides a greater degree of reliability in comparison with the password verification via keyboard. Another's voice can not be adulterated; while password falsification is available and realizable.
Personal identification by voice is the process of determining whom the voice belongs to from a limited list of people. “Having examined” sound record library, system will identify the closest voice to the sample.
Field of application systems, which determine user’s identity by voice, can be divided into two large blocks:
- The first block is control tasks of access rights to various systems. For example, “voice key” at the entrance to the premises with restricted access. In this case, the system “lets in” those people whose voice is contained in the database. Another example - fast access to your personal banking information over phone. Various banking transactions can be carried out over phone only if bank’s computer recognizes the voice of the customer.
- The second block is associated with the usage of the speaker's voice analysis systems while conducting forensic examinations and investigation and search operations. At various emergencies, such as aircraft crashes, based on negotiations’ records, you can restore the situation and determine who spoke a particular phrase. Moreover, voice can help to draw outer portraits of phone blackmailers, terrorists and other criminals. In modern jurisprudence voice can be evidence in court.
